• Qi Yu, Zhen Li, and Xinwei Han.
• Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Dec 23; 100 (51): e28247e28247.

RationaleNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the mediastinum are extremely rare. No uniform solution currently exists for the treatment of mediastinal NETs.Patient ConcernsWe report the case of a 32-year-old man with symptoms of chest tightness, chest pain, cough, and panic.DiagnosesComputed tomography showed that the mediastinum and right lung occupied a space with uneven enhancement. A needle biopsy revealed mediastinal NETs. An atypical carcinoid was diagnosed using immunohistochemistry.InterventionsThe patient underwent 2 similar transarterial chemoembolizations of drug-eluting embolic microsphere procedures after 5 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy. The patient underwent successful surgical resection 2 months after the operation.OutcomesThe patient's quality of life was significantly improved, without chest tightness, chest pain, or other symptoms. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient had no tumor recurrence.LessonsFor large mediastinal NETs with poor chemotherapy effects, surgical resection is safe and feasible after down-staging treatment via arterial chemoembolization of drug-eluting embolic microspheres.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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