• Bijun Xu, Weimin Zhang, Ximing Qian, Shiqiang Wang, and Fan He.
• Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Dec 23; 100 (51): e28387e28387.

RationaleHuman parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus associated with a variety of human diseases. Reports of B19V infection after cardiac transplantation are relatively rare.Patient ConcernsWe report a case of a 48-year-old women who underwent orthotopic heart transplant for dilated cardiomyopathy. She developed an anemia after cardiac transplantation. Anemia was most severe 2 months after surgery, with a decrease in reticulocyte count. Serological DNA test for parvovirus B19V was performed and the result was positive.DiagnosesB19V infection.Interventions And OutcomesIntravenous immunoglobulin administration resulted in a resolution of the anemia. The patient's blood test results showed a normal hemoglobin and reticulocyte count 1 year after surgery.LessonsPatients with parvovirus B19V infection may develop severe anemia after heart transplantation. The diagnosis mainly relies on viral DNA detection. Intravenous immunoglobulin is an effective treatment for viral infection.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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