• Eduard A Struys, Nanda M Verhoeven, Birthe Roos, and Cornelis Jakobs.
• Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• Clin. Chem. 2003 Jul 1; 49 (7): 1133-8.

BackgroundD-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA), L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA), and the combined D/L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D/L-2-HGA) are poorly understood organic acidurias. To investigate the usefulness of cultured human skin fibroblasts for both diagnostic and research purposes, we measured disease-related metabolites in the cell culture medium.MethodsWe measured D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG), succinate, 2-ketoglutarate, and citrate in fibroblast cell medium by stable-isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and glutamine, glutamic acid, and lysine with an amino acid analyzer. We used six cell lines from patients with D-2-HGA, two from patients with L-2-HGA, three from patients with D/L-2-HGA, and seven control cell lines. Culture medium was analyzed after a 96-h incubation period.ResultsCulture media from cell lines from D-2-HGA patients contained D-2-HG at concentrations 5- to 30-fold higher than media from controls, whereas the concentration of L-2-HG in media was not increased. Media from L-2-HGA cell lines showed a fivefold increase in L-2-HG compared with controls. Media containing fibroblasts from D/L-2-HGA patients contained moderately increased amounts of both D-2-HG and L-2-HG. For all cell lines, succinate concentrations in the blank medium were higher than after 96 h of incubation with the exception of two of three D/L-2-HGA cell lines. Media of D-2-HGA cell lines had 2-ketoglutarate concentrations that were 40% of that for controls. Glutamic acid concentrations in media of these cell lines were 60% lower than in controls.ConclusionsCell culture media from fibroblasts from patients with D-2-HGA, L-2-HGA, or D/L-2-HGA contain increased amounts the corresponding 2-HGs, demonstrating the suitability of fibroblasts for both diagnosis of and research concerning 2-HGAs.

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