• Daniel Martinez-Ramirez, Joohi Jimenez-Shahed, James Frederick Leckman, Mauro Porta, Domenico Servello, Fan-Gang Meng, Jens Kuhn, Daniel Huys, Juan Carlos Baldermann, Thomas Foltynie, Marwan I Hariz, Eileen M Joyce, Ludvic Zrinzo, Zinovia Kefalopoulou, Peter Silburn, Terry Coyne, Alon Y Mogilner, Michael H Pourfar, Suketu M Khandhar, Man Auyeung, Jill Louise Ostrem, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Marie-Laure Welter, Luc Mallet, Carine Karachi, Jean Luc Houeto, Bryan Timothy Klassen, Linda Ackermans, Takanobu Kaido, Yasin Temel, Robert E Gross, Harrison C Walker, Andres M Lozano, Benjamin L Walter, Zoltan Mari, William S Anderson, Barbara Kelly Changizi, Elena Moro, Sarah Elizabeth Zauber, Lauren E Schrock, Jian-Guo Zhang, Wei Hu, Kyle Rizer, Erin H Monari, Kelly D Foote, Irene A Malaty, Wissam Deeb, Aysegul Gunduz, and Michael S Okun.
• Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville.
• JAMA Neurol. 2018 Mar 1; 75 (3): 353-359.

ImportanceCollective evidence has strongly suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for Tourette syndrome.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of DBS in a multinational cohort of patients with Tourette syndrome.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsThe prospective International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry included 185 patients with medically refractory Tourette syndrome who underwent DBS implantation from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, at 31 institutions in 10 countries worldwide.ExposuresPatients with medically refractory symptoms received DBS implantation in the centromedian thalamic region (93 of 163 [57.1%]), the anterior globus pallidus internus (41 of 163 [25.2%]), the posterior globus pallidus internus (25 of 163 [15.3%]), and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (4 of 163 [2.5%]).Main Outcomes And MeasuresScores on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and adverse events.ResultsThe International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry enrolled 185 patients (of 171 with available data, 37 females and 134 males; mean [SD] age at surgery, 29.1 [10.8] years [range, 13-58 years]). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were present in 97 of 151 patients (64.2%) and 32 of 148 (21.6%) had a history of self-injurious behavior. The mean (SD) total Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score improved from 75.01 (18.36) at baseline to 41.19 (20.00) at 1 year after DBS implantation (P < .001). The mean (SD) motor tic subscore improved from 21.00 (3.72) at baseline to 12.91 (5.78) after 1 year (P < .001), and the mean (SD) phonic tic subscore improved from 16.82 (6.56) at baseline to 9.63 (6.99) at 1 year (P < .001). The overall adverse event rate was 35.4% (56 of 158 patients), with intracranial hemorrhage occurring in 2 patients (1.3%), infection in 4 patients with 5 events (3.2%), and lead explantation in 1 patient (0.6%). The most common stimulation-induced adverse effects were dysarthria (10 [6.3%]) and paresthesia (13 [8.2%]).Conclusions And RelevanceDeep brain stimulation was associated with symptomatic improvement in patients with Tourette syndrome but also with important adverse events. A publicly available website on outcomes of DBS in patients with Tourette syndrome has been provided.

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