• Michael F Loncharich, David F Desena, Angelique N Collamer, and Jess D Edison.
• Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
• Mil Med. 2021 Dec 28.

ObjectiveTo compare patterns of rheumatology consultations and outcomes across four different platforms in the Military Health System (MHS): face-to-face, synchronous telehealth, and two asynchronous telehealth platforms.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review comparing face-to-face rheumatology consults during 2019 with teleconsultations from three virtual systems in the MHS: an asynchronous email-based system from May 2006 to Feb 2018, a web-based platform from 2014 to 2018, and synchronous telehealth consults from March 2020 to March 2021. Consults were reviewed for diagnosis, and if medical evacuation was required for consults originating OCONUS or if face-to-face follow-up was required for synchronous teleconsults. Diagnoses of interest included inflammatory arthritis, noninflammatory arthritis, crystalline arthritis, myositis, lupus, vasculitis, fibromyalgia, antibody positivity without diagnosis, symptoms without specified diagnosis, and a composite of other rheumatic diseases.ResultsLeading diagnoses across platforms were inflammatory arthritis, noninflammatory arthritis, and a composite of other diagnoses. Consultation modality influenced the type of cases seen. Inflammatory arthritis accounted for significantly more consults in the synchronous telehealth (38.4%) and email-based (40.9%) models than in the web-based (23.7%) and face-to-face (32.0%) models. The composite of other diagnoses was the leading diagnosis for the asynchronous web-based model (32.9%), which was significantly more than the synchronous telehealth and face-to-face consults. Synchronous models saw significantly more cases of crystalline arthritis, vasculitis, and fibromyalgia.Email-based consultations resulted in medical evacuation in 25 cases and prevented evacuation in 5. Web-based consultations prompted medical evacuation in 100 cases. In the synchronous model, face-to-face follow-up was recommended in 142 (15%) cases.ConclusionsModality of consultation influences the type of cases seen. Both synchronous and asynchronous telerheumatology models were able to answer the consult question without referral for face-to-face evaluation in 79.9-85.0% of consults, suggesting teleconsultation is a viable method to increase access to high-quality rheumatology care.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2021. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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