• Niek Koenders, Alison Rushton, Nicola Heneghan, Martin L Verra, Paul Willems, Thomas Hoogeboom, and J Bart Staal.
• Department of Physiotherapy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. niek.koenders@radboudumc.nl.
• Syst Rev. 2016 May 3; 5: 72.

BackgroundLumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine is frequently used, despite current research presenting inconclusive evidence. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyse the natural course of pain and disability in patients with degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine such as spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, disc herniation, or discogenic low back pain to improve lumbar spinal fusion management.Methods/DesignAn electronic database search will be conducted up to 30 September 2015 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ZETOC database. In addition, a search for articles in press and published ahead of print, British National Bibliography for Report Literature, and OpenGrey will be conducted. Prospective cohort studies using outcome measures of pain and disability will be eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text independently using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed with the modified version of the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. If meta-analysis of outcome data is deemed appropriate, variance-weighted pooled means will be calculated.DiscussionThe results of this systematic review and meta-analysis may improve understanding of recovery after lumbar spinal fusion and improve lumbar spinal fusion management.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42015026922.

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