• Kenji Matsumoto, Jun Komukai, Yuko Tsuda, Hideya Ueda, Maiko Adachi, Naoko Shimizu, Kazumi Saito, Hidetetsu Hirokawa, and Akira Shimouchi.
• Kekkaku. 2017 Jan 1; 92 (1): 21-26.

Abstract[Objective] To contribute to countermeasures against pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection through analyzing and evaluating its treatment outcomes and patient management. [Methods] The 'subjects were pulmonary tuberculosis patients newly registered between 2008 and 2014 in whom concomitant HIV infection was detected. For the control, sex- and generation-matched pulmonary tuberculosis patients newly registered in Osaka City -between 2012 and 2014 were adopted. On analysis, the X² test and Fisher's exact test were used, and a significance level below 5% was regarded as significant. [Results] 1) There were 25 pulmonary tuberculosis patients complicated by HIV. All were male -and the mean age was 43.2 years old. 2) The sputum smear positivity rate was 76.0% in the pulmonary tuberculosis patients complicated by HIV and 50.8 % in 250 control pulmonary tuberculosis patients, showing a significantly higher rate in the former. 3) Risk factors for the discontinuation of medication for tuberculosis: In the patients complicated by HIV, the follow- ing risks of the discontinuation of medication were noted in the order of a decreasing frequency: 'Lack of medication helpers' in 68.0%, 'Side effects' in 48.0%, 'Financial prob- lems' in 32.0%, and 'Liver damage' in 28.0%. Those in the control pulmonary tuberculosis patients were 33.2%, 22.8 %, 16.0%, and 11.6%, respectively, showing a significant difference in each factor. 4) The DOTS executing rates were 68.0% and 94.8% in the patients complicated by HIV and control patients, respectively, showing that it was significantly lower in the patients complicated by HIV. On comparison of the treatment outcomes excluding died, on treatment, transferred out, not evaluated, treatment succeeded in 72.7% in the patients complicated by HIV and 92.9% in the control patients, showing a significantly lower success rate in the patients complicated by HIV. The numbers of risk factors of discon- tinuation in. 16 and 6 patients complicated by HIV in whom treatment succeeded and treatment failed/defaulted were 3.8 and 2.8, respectively, showing that the number was higher in patients with successful treatment, and the DOTS execution rates were 75.0% and 33.3%, respectively, showing a higher rate in the successful treatment cases. [Conclusion] The treatment outcome was significantly poorer in pulmonary tuberculosis patients complicated by HIV than in the control pulmonary tuberculosis patients. More risk factors for the discontinuation of medication were observed and the DOTS execution rate was lower in the patients complicated by HIV, suggesting that risk assess- fient for the discontinuation of medication should be appro- priately performed, and support for medication should be strengthened.

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