• Int J Epidemiol · Apr 2017

    Sustained 10-year gain in adult life expectancy following antiretroviral therapy roll-out in rural Malawi: July 2005 to June 2014.

    • Alison J Price, Judith Glynn, Menard Chihana, Ndoliwe Kayuni, Sian Floyd, Emma Slaymaker, Georges Reniers, Basia Zaba, Estelle McLean, Fredrick Kalobekamo, Olivier Koole, Moffat Nyirenda, and Amelia C Crampin.
    • Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
    • Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr 1; 46 (2): 479-491.

    BackgroundImproved life expectancy in high HIV prevalence populations has been observed since antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. However, it is unclear if the benefits are sustained, and the mortality among HIV-positive individuals not (yet) on ART is not well described. We assessed temporal change in mortality over 9 years in rural Malawi.MethodsWithin a demographic surveillance site in northern rural Malawi, we combined demographic, HIV and ART uptake data. We calculated life expectancy using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and compared mortality rates and rate ratios using Poisson regression, by period of ART availability (July 2005-June 2008, July 2008-June 2011 and July 2011-June 2014).ResultsAmong 32 664 individuals there were 1424 deaths; 1930 individuals were known HIV-positive, of whom 1382 started ART. Overall, life expectancy at age 15 years increased by 10 years within 5 years of ART introduction, and plateaued. Age-standardized adult mortality rates declined from 11.3/1000 to 7.5/1000 person-years between the first and last time period. In July 2011-June 2014 compared with July 2005-June 2008, mortality declined in HIV-positive individuals on ART (rate ratio adjusted (aRR) for age, sex, location and education, 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.5) and in those not (yet) on ART (aRR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-0.5) but not in HIV-negative individuals (aRR 1.1; 95%CI 0.7-1.9).ConclusionsTotal population adult life expectancy increased toward that of HIV-negative individuals by 2011 and remained raised. The reduction in all-cause and HIV-related mortality in HIV-positive individuals not (yet) on ART suggests ART uptake is occurring at an earlier disease stage, particularly in women.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

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