• Isabel Roth, Rebecca Wells, Linda Highfield, Paula Cuccaro, Sanghamitra Misra, and Joan Engebretson.
• Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: iroth@email.unc.edu.
• Complement Ther Med. 2021 May 1; 58: 102698.

ObjectivesComplementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies show clinical benefits with minimal side effects, yet challenges to effective integration in hospital settings remain. The current study aimed to better understand the process of integration of CIM therapies at a large urban pediatric hospital from the perspectives of providers, parents, and administrators.DesignThe study employed an applied medical ethnography.SettingThe ethnography was conducted before, during, and after an Integrative Medicine Pain Consult Service (IM Pilot) was implemented at a large urban pediatric hospital during the spring of 2017.Main Outcome MeasuresFieldwork interviews, participant observations, and document review captured aspects of the integration of CIM over a 6-month study period. Ethnographic analysis included thematic content analysis. Participants included providers (n = 10), administrators (n = 5), and parents of patients (n = 11).ResultsEmergent themes from analysis of the interviews and field notes were organized according to the socio-ecological model. Themes included facilitating factors for CIM pain management at the intrapersonal and community levels (Alignment with Parental Perceptions of Child Needs and Provider Desire to Offer Care, Alignment of CIM with Spiritual Beliefs and Community Norms) and barriers at the interpersonal, organizational, and political levels (Inter-professional Challenges, Lack of Logistics in Place for Referrals and Triaging Patients with Pain, Lack of Remuneration/Insurance Reimbursement for Care).ConclusionsTo address barriers, future efforts to implement integrative pain management programs in pediatric hospital settings may consider testing implementation strategies, including engaging program champions and family advocates, providing education on CIM professions and therapies to hospital staff, and billing for provider time rather than individual CIM therapies.Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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