• Takaaki Konuma, Seiko Kato, Hiroto Ishii, Maki Oiwa-Monna, Shigetaka Asano, Arinobu Tojo, and Satoshi Takahashi.
• Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tkonuma@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
• Leuk. Res. 2015 Jun 1; 39 (6): 625-31.

AbstractDormant leukemia cells, which might escape the cytotoxic effect of conditioning before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), could be induced to enter the cell cycle by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and become more susceptible to the cell-cycle-specific agent cytarabine arabinoside (Ara-C). Based on this effect, we have utilized G-CSF-combined high-dose Ara-C in myeloablative conditioning for allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical family donors since 1988. We report on the long-term outcomes of allogeneic HSCT using a conditioning regimen of 12Gy total body irradiation and G-CSF-combined high-dose Ara-C in 89 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome. With a median follow-up of 135 months, the probability of overall survival and cumulative incidence of relapse at 5 years were 67.8% and 19.4%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, disease status at HSCT was associated with survival and relapse. These data demonstrate that G-CSF-combined myeloablative conditioning could be safely and effectively used for patients with myeloid malignancies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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