• Meng Lv, Yu Wang, Ying-Jun Chang, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Lan-Ping Xu, Qian Jiang, Hao Jiang, Jin Lu, Huan Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Yao Chen, Chen-Hua Yan, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Yu-Qian Sun, Xiao-Dong Mo, Hong-Hu Zhu, Jin-Song Jia, Ting Zhao, Jing Wang, Kai-Yan Liu, and Xiao-Jun Huang.
• Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Beijing, China.
• Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Mar 15; 25 (6): 1737-1748.

PurposeAlthough myeloablative HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) following pretransplant anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulated grafts (ATG+G-CSF) has been confirmed as an alternative to HSCT from HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD), the effect of haplo-HSCT on postremission treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate risk (int-risk AML) who achieved first complete remission (CR1) has not been defined.Patients And MethodsIn this prospective trial, among 443 consecutive patients ages 16-60 years with newly diagnosed de novo AML with int-risk cytogenetics, 147 patients with molecular int-risk AML who achieved CR1 within two courses of induction and remained in CR1 at 4 months postremission either received chemotherapy (n = 69) or underwent haplo-HSCT (n = 78).ResultsThe 3-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in the haplo-HSCT group than in the chemotherapy group (74.3% vs. 47.3%; P = 0.0004 and 80.8% vs. 53.5%; P = 0.0001, respectively). In the multivariate analysis with propensity score adjustment, postremission treatment (haplo-HSCT vs. chemotherapy) was an independent risk factor affecting the LFS [HR 0.360; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.163-0.793; P = 0.011], OS (HR 0.361; 95% CI, 0.156-0.832; P = 0.017), and cumulative incidence of relapse (HR 0.161; 95% CI, 0.057-0.459; P = 0.001) either in entire cohort or stratified by minimal residual disease after the second consolidation.ConclusionsMyeloablative haplo-HSCT with ATG+G-CSF is superior to chemotherapy as a postremission treatment in patients with int-risk AML during CR1. Haplo-HSCT might be a first-line postremission therapy for int-risk AML in the absence of HLA-MSDs. Haplo-HSCT might be superior to chemotherapy as a first-line postremission treatment of intermediate-risk AML in CR1.©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.

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