• Madhu V Singh, Paari D Swaminathan, Elizabeth D Luczak, W Kutschke, Robert M Weiss, and Mark E Anderson.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. madhu-singh@uiowa.edu
• J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2012 May 1;52(5):1135-44.

AbstractThe toll-like receptors (TLR) and myocardial infarction (MI) promote NF-κB-dependent inflammatory transcription and oxidative injury in myocardium. The multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated by oxidation and contributes to NF-κB-dependent transcription, myocardial hypertrophy and post-MI death. The myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) is an adapter protein critical for many TLR functions, but downstream targets for TLR/MyD88 signaling in MI are not well understood. We asked if CaMKII and TLR/MyD88 pathways are interconnected and if TLR/MyD88 contributes to adverse outcomes after MI. Here we show that TLR-4 activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces CaMKII oxidation (ox-CaMKII) in cardiomyocytes. MI enhances ox-CaMKII in wild type (WT) hearts but not in MyD88(-/-) hearts that are defective in MyD88-dependent TLR signaling. In post-MI WT hearts expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α (Tnfa), complement factor B (Cfb), myocyte death and fibrosis were significantly increased, but increases were significantly less in MyD88(-/-) hearts after MI. MyD88(-/-) cardiomyocytes were defective in NF-κB activation by LPS but not by the MyD88-independent TLR agonist poly(I:C). In contrast, TNF-α induced Cfb gene expression was not deficient in MyD88(-/-) cardiomyocytes. Several hypertrophy marker genes were upregulated in both WT and MyD88(-/-) hearts after MI, but Acta1 was significantly attenuated in MyD88(-/-) hearts, suggesting that MyD88 selectively affects expression of hypertrophic genes. Post-MI cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, apoptosis, ox-CaMKII expression and mortality were significantly reduced in MyD88(-/-) compared to WT littermates. These data suggest that MyD88 contributes to CaMKII oxidation and is important for adverse hypertrophic and inflammatory responses to LPS and MI.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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