• Yan Sun, Jing Huang, and Hong-Fang Kong.
• Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov 1; 98 (48): e18182.

RationaleRupture of an unscarred uterus after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in a primiparous woman is rare. Assisted reproductive technology (ART)-induced rupture of an unscarred uterus is usually attributable to increased dizygotic twinning rates. Salpingectomy can result in cornual scarring and increase the risk of uterine rupture as well as the mortality rate in a subsequent ectopic pregnancy. Here, we present the first reported case of a spontaneous, third-trimester, uterine rupture in a primiparous woman after IVF-ET due to a history of bilateral salpingectomy because of bilateral oviduct and ovarian cysts; the patient did not have an ectopic pregnancy or any cornual or other uterine scarring during this pregnancy after IVF-ET.Patient ConcernsA 24-year-old woman with a history of IVF-ET and bilateral salpingectomy was admitted to our hospital with unexplained acute upper abdominal pain during the third trimester.DiagnosisThe fetal heart rate was abnormal. Abdominal ultrasonography was negative. Computed tomography revealed a small amount of abdominal and pericardial effusion. Laboratory tests revealed increased white blood cells. A diagnosis of pregnancy complicated by acute abdomen was considered. Emergent exploratory laparotomy revealed a uterine rupture at the right fundus adjacent to the right cornual area.InterventionsThe patient was successfully managed with simultaneous exploratory laparotomy and lower-segment cesarean section. The rupture site was repaired.OutcomesTwo live infants were uneventfully delivered. Follow-up assessments of the mother and the female baby on the 42nd postpartum day yielded normal results. The male infant was diagnosed with left hydronephrosis and required an operation.LessonsWe conclude that the ART-associated increase in dizygotic twinning rates may be a neglected risk factor for spontaneous rupture of the unscarred uterus, especially in patients who have undergone salpingectomy. Uterine rupture should be considered in a patient with multiple pregnancy following IVF-ET who presents with acute abdominal pain and abnormal fetal heart rate. Timely exploratory laparotomy is the key to a good prognosis.

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