• Trop. Med. Int. Health · Aug 2012

    The impact of antiretroviral treatment on mortality trends of HIV-positive adults in rural Uganda: a longitudinal population-based study, 1999-2009.

    • Ivan Kasamba, Kathy Baisley, Billy N Mayanja, Dermot Maher, and Heiner Grosskurth.
    • MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. ivan.kasamba@mrcuganda.org
    • Trop. Med. Int. Health. 2012 Aug 1; 17 (8): e66-73.

    ObjectiveTo investigate trends in all-cause adult mortality after the roll-out of an antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in rural Uganda.MethodsLongitudinal population-based cohort study of approximately 20,000 residents in rural Uganda. Mortality in adults aged 15-59 years was determined for the 5-year period (1999-2003) before introduction of ART in January 2004 and for the 5-year period afterwards. Poisson regression was used to estimate mortality rate ratios (RRs) for the period before ART, 1 year after ART introduction (from January 2004 to January 2005) and more than 1 year after ART introduction. Trends in mortality were analysed by HIV status, age and sex.ResultsBefore ART became available, the mortality rate (deaths per 1000 person-years) was 4.0 (95% CI = 3.3-4.8) among HIV-negative individuals and 116.4 (95% CI = 101.9-133.0) among HIV-positive individuals. During the period January 2004-end November 2009, 279 individuals accessed ART. In the year after ART was introduced, the mortality rate (deaths per 1000 person-years) among HIV-negative individuals did not change significantly (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.61-1.47), but among HIV-positive individuals dropped by 25% to 87.4 (adjusted RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.53-1.06). In the period 2005-2009, the mortality rate (deaths per 1000 person-years) among HIV-positive individuals fell further to 39.9 (adjusted RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.26-0.43). The effect was greatest among individuals aged 30-44 years, and trends were similar in men and women.ConclusionThe substantially reduced mortality rate among HIV-positive individuals after ART roll-out lends further support to the intensification of efforts to ensure universal access to ART.© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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