• Michael J Zvolensky, Justin M Shepherd, Lorra Garey, Kathleen Case, and Matthew W Gallagher.
• Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: mjzvolen@central.uh.edu.
• Addict Behav. 2020 Aug 1; 107: 106396.

ObjectiveDual use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing in prevalence and may be related to an increased risk for health problems. Accordingly, dual users represent a particularly vulnerable group. Neuroticism is an individual difference factor that demonstrates robust relations to combustible cigarette use. Yet, no work has examined neuroticism in relation to e-cigarette dependence or cognitions among dual users.MethodsTo address this limitation, the present study examined neuroticism in relation to e-cigarette dependence, expectancies about the negative effects of e-cigarettes, and perceived barriers for quitting e-cigarettes. The present study analyzed data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 437 dual combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users (49.9% female, Mage = 35.12 years, SD = 10.04).ResultsResults indicated that neuroticism was significantly, positively related to e-cigarette dependence (ΔR2 = 0.02, p < .001), expectancies about the negative effects of e-cigarettes (ΔR2 = 0.03, p < .001), and perceived barriers for quitting e-cigarettes (ΔR2 = 0.10, p < .001).ConclusionsThese novel findings suggest there may be merit in further exploring the role of neuroticism in the maintenance of concurrent combustible cigarette and e-cigarette use.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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