• Internal medicine · Jan 2022

    Case Reports

    Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus-myoclonus Syndrome with Anti-Hu and Anti-SOX-1 Antibodies after Immune-checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Combined with Chemotherapy in a Patient with Small-cell Lung Cancer.

    • Hironori Arai, Yoshikazu Utsu, Joji Horio, Shogo Furukawa, and Yuriko Kikkawa.
    • Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Japan.
    • Intern. Med. 2022 Jan 1; 61 (1): 71-74.

    AbstractA 69-year-old man with advanced small-cell lung cancer achieved partial remission after 3 courses of immunochemotherapy that included atezolizumab. Ten days after the last treatment, he developed paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and required mechanical ventilation. Serology testing detected anti-Hu and anti-SOX-1 antibodies. Despite steroid pulse therapy, various anticonvulsants, continuous intravenous sedation, and a fourth course of chemotherapy without atezolizumab, his condition failed to improve. Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with autoantibodies after immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment has not been reported previously. Although a causal relationship between immune-checkpoint inhibitors and paraneoplastic syndromes has been suggested, the mechanism remains unknown.

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