• Anahita Rouzé, Elise Lemaitre, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Pedro Povoa, Emili Diaz, Rémy Nyga, Antoni Torres, Matthieu Metzelard, Damien Du Cheyron, Fabien Lambiotte, Fabienne Tamion, Marie Labruyere, Claire Boulle Geronimi, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Martine Nyunga, Olivier Pouly, Arnaud W Thille, Bruno Megarbane, Anastasia Saade, Eleni Magira, Jean-François Llitjos, Iliana Ioannidou, Alexandre Pierre, Jean Reignier, Denis Garot, Louis Kreitmann, Jean-Luc Baudel, Guillaume Voiriot, Gaëtan Plantefeve, Elise Morawiec, Pierre Asfar, Alexandre Boyer, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Demosthenes Makris, Christophe Vinsonneau, Pierre-Edouard Floch, Clémence Marois, Adrian Ceccato, Antonio Artigas, Alexandre Gaudet, David Nora, Marjorie Cornu, Alain Duhamel, Julien Labreuche, Saad Nseir, and coVAPid study group.
• CHU de Lille, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, 59000, Lille, France.
• Crit Care. 2022 Jan 4; 26 (1): 1111.

BackgroundRecent multicenter studies identified COVID-19 as a risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). However, no large multicenter study has compared the incidence of IPA between COVID-19 and influenza patients.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of putative IPA in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients, compared with influenza patients.MethodsThis study was a planned ancillary analysis of the coVAPid multicenter retrospective European cohort. Consecutive adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for > 48 h for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia or influenza pneumonia were included. The 28-day cumulative incidence of putative IPA, based on Blot definition, was the primary outcome. IPA incidence was estimated using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method, considering extubation (dead or alive) within 28 days as competing event.ResultsA total of 1047 patients were included (566 in the SARS-CoV-2 group and 481 in the influenza group). The incidence of putative IPA was lower in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group (14, 2.5%) than in influenza pneumonia group (29, 6%), adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio (cHR) 3.29 (95% CI 1.53-7.02, p = 0.0006). When putative IPA and Aspergillus respiratory tract colonization were combined, the incidence was also significantly lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group, as compared to influenza group (4.1% vs. 10.2%), adjusted cHR 3.21 (95% CI 1.88-5.46, p < 0.0001). In the whole study population, putative IPA was associated with significant increase in 28-day mortality rate, and length of ICU stay, compared with colonized patients, or those with no IPA or Aspergillus colonization.ConclusionsOverall, the incidence of putative IPA was low. Its incidence was significantly lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia than in those with influenza pneumonia. Clinical trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04359693 .© 2022. The Author(s).

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