• JAMA · Jan 2022

    Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study

    Effect of Anticoagulant Therapy for 6 Weeks vs 3 Months on Recurrence and Bleeding Events in Patients Younger Than 21 Years of Age With Provoked Venous Thromboembolism: The Kids-DOTT Randomized Clinical Trial.

    • Neil A Goldenberg, John M Kittelson, Thomas C Abshire, Marc Bonaca, James F Casella, Rita A Dale, Jonathan L Halperin, Frances Hamblin, Craig M Kessler, Marilyn J Manco-Johnson, Robert F Sidonio, Alex C Spyropoulos, P Gabriel Steg, TurpieAlexander G GAGGDepartment of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Sam Schulman, and Kids-DOTT Trial Investigators and the ATLAS Group.
    • Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Cancer and Blood Disorder Institute, and Heart Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida.
    • JAMA. 2022 Jan 11; 327 (2): 129137129-137.

    ImportanceAmong patients younger than 21 years of age, the optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism is unknown.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that a 6-week duration of anticoagulant therapy for provoked venous thromboembolism is noninferior to a conventional 3-month therapy duration in patients younger than 21 years of age.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsRandomized clinical trial involving 417 patients younger than 21 years of age with acute, provoked venous thromboembolism enrolled at 42 centers in 5 countries from 2008-2021. The main exclusions were severe anticoagulant deficiencies or prior venous thromboembolism. Patients without persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and whose thrombi were resolved or not completely occlusive upon repeat imaging at 6 weeks after diagnosis underwent randomization. The final visit for the primary end points occurred in January 2021.InterventionsTotal duration for anticoagulant therapy of 6 weeks (n = 207) vs 3 months (n = 210) for provoked venous thromboembolism.Main Outcomes And MeasuresThe primary efficacy and safety end points were centrally adjudicated symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism and clinically relevant bleeding events within 1 year blinded to treatment group. The primary analysis was noninferiority in the per-protocol population. The noninferiority boundary incorporated a bivariate trade-off that included an absolute increase of 0% in symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism with an absolute risk reduction of 4% in clinically relevant bleeding events (1 of 3 points on the bivariate noninferiority boundary curve).ResultsAmong 417 randomized patients, 297 (median age, 8.3 [range, 0.04-20.9] years; 49% female) met criteria for the primary per-protocol population analysis. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for the 1-year cumulative incidence of the primary efficacy outcome was 0.66% (95% CI, 0%-1.95%) in the 6-week anticoagulant therapy group and 0.70% (95% CI, 0%-2.07%) in the 3-month anticoagulant therapy group, and for the primary safety outcome, the incidence was 0.65% (95% CI, 0%-1.91%) and 0.70% (95% CI, 0%-2.06%). Based on absolute risk differences in recurrent venous thromboembolism and clinically relevant bleeding events between groups, noninferiority was demonstrated. Adverse events occurred in 26% of patients in the 6-week anticoagulant therapy group and in 32% of patients in the 3-month anticoagulant therapy group; the most common adverse event was fever (1.9% and 3.4%, respectively).Conclusions And RelevanceAmong patients younger than 21 years of age with provoked venous thromboembolism, anticoagulant therapy for 6 weeks compared with 3 months met noninferiority criteria based on the trade-off between recurrent venous thromboembolism risk and bleeding risk.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00687882.

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