• J Urban Health · Feb 2022

    The Stigma of Criminal Legal Involvement and Health: a Conceptual Framework.

    • Benjamin A Howell, Valerie A Earnshaw, Marisol Garcia, Andrew Taylor, Karin Martin, and Aaron D Fox.
    • SEICHE Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. benjamin.howell@yale.edu.
    • J Urban Health. 2022 Feb 1; 99 (1): 9210192-101.

    AbstractThe USA incarcerates more people than any other nation in the world. Exposure to the criminal legal system has been associated with a myriad of health outcomes but less is understood about what drives these associations. We argue that stigma due to criminal legal involvement, what we call criminal legal stigma, likely has a larger role in the association between incarceration and negative health outcomes than has been previously appreciated. There is limited research on the impact on health of criminal legal stigma despite abundant research on its negative social consequences. In this paper, we describe a conceptual framework of the health effects of criminal legal stigma drawing on previous research of criminal legal stigma and advances in other areas of stigma research. We outline key concepts related to stigma mechanisms, how they function at structural and individual levels, and how they might cause health outcomes. Finally, we identify potential areas for future research and opportunities for clinical interventions to remediate negative effects of stigma.© 2021. The New York Academy of Medicine.

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