• Carlo Briguori, Gabriella Visconti, Marco Golino, Amelia Focaccio, Mario Scarpelli, Silvia Nuzzo, and Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai.
• Unit of Interventional Cardiology, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy - carlobriguori@clinicamediterranea.it.
• Panminerva Med. 2023 Sep 1; 65 (3): 327334327-334.

BackgroundFew studies compared paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) versus sirolimus-coated balloon (SCB) in the treatment of drug-eluting stent (DES) instent restenosis (ISR).MethodsBetween November 5, 2009, and October 14, 2020, in our center 212 patients with first DES-ISR were treated with PCB (Restore®; Cardionovum GmbH, Bonn, Germany), whereas 230 patients were treated with SCB (Devoir®; MINVASYS SAS, Gennevilliers, France). Following a propensity matching, 186 patients were included into PCB group (PCB group), and in the SCB group (SCB group). The primary purpose of the study was the 1-year target lesion failure (TLF) rate, including cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, and repeated target lesion or target vessel revascularization.ResultsProcedural success occurred in all cases. Fully optimal predilation (that is, balloon-to-stent ratio >0.91, time of DCB inflation >60 sec, and residual percent diameter stenosis after lesion preparation <20%) was observed more often in the SCB group (126 [68%] patients versus 106 [57%] patients; P=0.042). One-year TLF occurred in 29 (15.5%) patients in the SCB group and in 32 (17%) patients in the PCB group (OR=1.12 [0.65-1.95]; P=0.78). By logistic Cox regression analysis fully optimal predilation (OR=0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.21; P<0.001) but not DCB type (OR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.41-1.31; P=0.29) was independent predictor of 1-year TLF.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that 1-year TLF is not statistically and clinically different in patients with DES ISR treated with a PCB and a SCB.

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