• Leonard H Epstein, Tatiana Jimenez-Knight, Anna M Honan, Rocco A Paluch, and Warren K Bickel.
• Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
• Patient Prefer Adher. 2022 Jan 1; 16: 95-104.

PurposeMedication nonadherence is prevalent in diabetic populations, with "forgetting" a commonly cited reason. This issue of forgetfulness is due, in part, to a failure of prospective memory (PM). Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been shown to improve PM but has not been used to improve medication adherence.Patients And MethodsThe current study used a multiple baseline design (N = 4) to test the effects of EFT on medication non-adherence for four patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, with comorbid high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Medication adherence was objectively measured over 15 weeks using medication event monitoring systems.ResultsResults of visual analysis showed medication adherence was reliably improved, confirmed by mixed model analysis of variance (p < 0.001), with significant differences from baseline to treatment (Tau <0.05) for 3 of 4 participants. Improvements in two measures of PM (effect size (ES) = 0.73, 0.80) and delay discounting (ES = 1.20) were observed.ConclusionThis study provides a feasible way to improve medication adherence in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.© 2022 Epstein et al.

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