• Ignazio Condello, Giuseppe Nasso, Giuseppe Filiberto Serraino, Pasquale Mastroroberto, Flavio Fiore, Giuseppe Speziale, and Giuseppe Santarpino.
• Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anthea Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research, Bari, Italy.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2022 Aug 1; 36 (8 Pt B): 3237-3243.

AbstractIntraoperative temperature regimen usually is planned preoperatively by a "team." Selecting and understanding the impact of the temperature regimen (normothermia, or mild, moderate, or severe hypothermia) usually are related to the type of cardiac surgery (eg, using circulatory arrest or open-heart surgery). Cardiopulmonary bypass constitutes a challenging situation for monitoring temperature because of the rapid and extraordinary degree of heat transferred through the bypass circuit during heating and cooling. The core compartment undergoes the fastest temperature changes because of the rapid rate of blood reinfused into the organs. In modern cardiac surgery, different types and technologies of heater-cooler devices can be used in clinical practice, thanks to the development process that took its cue from past experiences. In this context, the authors review the role of thermal exchange in cardiac surgery and the progress achieved from first-to-second-generation heater-cooler devices.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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