• Hassan M Otifi and Balkur K Adiga.
• Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: hotifi@kku.edu.sa.
• Am. J. Med. Sci. 2022 Apr 1; 363 (4): 281-287.

AbstractCOVID-19 is an evolving systemic inflammatory pandemic disease, predominantly affecting the respiratory system. Associated cardiovascular comorbid conditions result in severe to critical illness with mortality up to 14.8 % in octogenarians. The role of endothelial dysfunction in its pathogenesis has been proposed with laboratory and autopsy data, though initially it was thought of as only acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The current study on endothelial dysfunction in SARS CoV-2 infection highlights its pathophysiology through the effects of direct viral-induced endothelial injury, uncontrolled immune & inflammatory response, imbalanced coagulation homeostasis, and their interactions resulting in a vicious cycle aggravating the disease process. This review may provide further light on proper laboratory tests and therapeutic implications needed for better management of patients. The main objective of the study is to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 with respect to the role of endothelium so that more additional relevant treatment may be incorporated in the management protocol.Copyright © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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