• Yongchang Li, Xiaomei Wu, Wei Zhong, and Xiangqi Tang.
• Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
• Am. J. Med. Sci. 2022 Apr 1; 363 (4): 364-370.

AbstractCapecitabine is an anticancer drug related to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that is used to treat multiple cancers. Little is known about the central nervous system toxicity of capecitabine owing to the low frequency of occurrence. In this report we describe a rare case of capecitabine-related toxic encephalopathy involving the cerebellum and subcortical white matter. A review of the literature showed that most reported cases have shown excellent recovery within a few days of capecitabine termination. Whether uridine triacetate is a reasonable treatment choice for patients with life-threatening toxic encephalopathy depends on the availability of reliable clinical data. Prescreening for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genotype variants and detection of 5-FU degradation rate prior to capecitabine treatment may become an effective way to avoid toxic reactions by regulating the therapeutic dose for each patient, which remains to be investigated and needs more clinical data to support.Copyright © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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