• Wei He, Pär Sparén, Fang Fang, Verena Sengpiel, Björn Strander, and Kamila Czene.
• Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (W.H.).
• Ann. Intern. Med. 2022 Feb 1; 175 (2): 210-218.

BackgroundTreatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) removes or destroys part of the cervix and might subsequently influence pregnancy outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with CIN 3.DesignPopulation- and sibling-matched cohort study.SettingSweden, 1973 to 2018.ParticipantsThe general population comparison included 78 450 singletons born to women diagnosed with CIN 3 and 784 500 matched singletons born to women in the general population who had no CIN 3 diagnosis; the sibling comparison included 23 199 singletons born to women diagnosed with CIN 3 and 28 135 singletons born to their sisters without a CIN 3 diagnosis.MeasurementsPreterm birth, including spontaneous or iatrogenic preterm birth; infection-related outcomes, including chorioamnionitis and infant sepsis; and early neonatal death, defined as death during the first week after birth.ResultsCompared with the matched general population, women previously diagnosed with CIN 3 were more likely to have a preterm birth, especially extremely preterm (22 to 28 weeks; odds ratio [OR], 3.00 [95% CI, 2.69 to 3.34]) or spontaneous preterm (OR, 2.12 [CI, 2.05 to 2.20]); infection-related outcomes, including chorioamnionitis (OR, 3.23 [CI, 2.89 to 3.62]) and infant sepsis (OR, 1.72 [CI, 1.60 to 1.86]); or early neonatal death (OR, 1.83 [CI, 1.61 to 2.09]). Sibling comparison analyses rendered largely similar results. Over time, the risk difference attenuated for all outcomes and disappeared for early neonatal death.LimitationLack of data on CIN 3 treatment and spontaneous abortion.ConclusionHistory of CIN 3 is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes even after accounting for familial factors. Decreasing risk estimates over time suggest that adverse pregnancy outcomes among women diagnosed with CIN 3 may be minimized by improving treatment methods.Primary Funding SourceThe Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.

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