• Amanda Avila, Michael T Do, Alexander J Acuña, Linsen T Samuel, and Atul F Kamath.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Hip Preservation, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Mail code A41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
• Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023 Mar 1; 143 (3): 162716351627-1635.

IntroductionAlthough intra-articular injections (IAIs) serve as the first-line non-surgical management for severe osteoarthritis (OA), recent analyses have suggested they are associated with an increased infection risk following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, our systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between IAIs and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following THA reported in the current literature.MethodsFive online databases were queried for analyses published from January 1st, 2000-May 1st, 2021 reporting on PJI rates between patients undergoing primary THA who did and did not preoperatively receive an IAI. The overall pooled effect of injection status on PJI incidence was determined using Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) models. This was similarly conducted for segregated preoperative intervals: 0-3 months, > 3-6 months, > 6 + months.ResultsA total of 11 articles were included in our analysis reporting on 278,782 THAs (IAI: n = 41,138; no IAI: n = 237,644). Patients receiving pre-operative injections had a significantly higher risk of PJI (OR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.62; p = 0.009). However, this finding was not robust. IAI receipt within 3-months of THA was associated with significantly higher PJI rates (OR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.48-1.90; p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was demonstrated in the > 3-6 month (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 0.94-1.52; p = 0.16) and > 6 + month sub-analyses (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.96-1.50; p = 0.11). The results of all sub-analyses remained were robust.DiscussionOur findings suggest that patients requiring THA should wait at least 3-months following IAI to reduce post-operative infection risk. This information can help inform patients considering OA management options, as well as adult reconstruction surgeons during preoperative optimization.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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