• Yutaka Morita, Yoshihiro Kondo, and Eiji Takeuchi.
• Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi city, Kochi, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Feb 11; 101 (6): e28809e28809.

RationaleMycobacterium peregrinum is a member of the group of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. It mainly causes surgical site and catheter-related infections, while pulmonary infection is rare. We herein present a case of pulmonary infection caused by M peregrinum.Patient ConcernsA 62-year-old woman visited our hospital with dyspnea and was admitted for the treatment of pneumonia in July 2018.DiagnosisChest computed tomography showed patchy opacities and consolidation in the bilateral lungs and a cavity in the right upper lobe, which persisted after the treatment of bacterial pneumonia 5 years ago. She was administered ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Consolidation in the bilateral lungs improved, whereas the cavity in the right upper lobe remained and the consolidation surrounding it gradually spread. On admission, the sputum acid-fast bacillus culture was positive, and M peregrinum was identified twice by mass spectrometry. The cavity and consolidation surrounding it were diagnosed as pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by M peregrinum.InterventionsAlthough we recommended treatment for mycobacteriosis, the patient refused it.OutcomesThe patient is regularly followed up; however, the cavity wall is thickening and shadows have become mildly enhanced over the course of 3 years.LessonsWe herein present a rare case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by M peregrinum and discuss the literature. Since limited information is currently available on pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by M peregrinum, the accumulation of further case reports and the clarification of its clinical features are needed.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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