• Joshua K Salabei, Zekarias T Asnake, Zeeshan H Ismail, Kipson Charles, Gregory-Thomas Stanger, Abdullahi H Abdullahi, Andrew T Abraham, and Peters Okonoboh.
• Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA. Electronic address: Joshua.Salabei@hcahealthcare.com.
• Am. J. Med. Sci. 2022 Aug 1; 364 (2): 139-147.

AbstractAs COVID-19 continues to cause an increasing number of deaths worldwide, it is important that providers stay abreast with new research related to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease presentation states and clinical management. It is now well recognized that COVID-19 affects extrapulmonary organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. For example, cardiogenic shock has been increasingly observed in patients with COVID-19, owing to the various mechanisms involved and the affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to cells comprising the cardiovascular system. In this review, we have briefly discussed the link between the cardiovascular system and COVID-19 infection, focusing on underlying mechanisms including but not limited to cytokine storm, direct virus-induced myocarditis, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction leading to cardiogenic shock. We have highlighted the cardiovascular risk factors associated with disease prognostication in COVID-19 patients. We have also briefly discussed vasopressors and inotropes used for treating shock and presented their mechanism of action, contraindications, and side effects in the hopes of providing a quick reference to help the provider optimize management of COVID-19 patients presenting with cardiovascular complications such as shock.Copyright © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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