• Jan J van Wijk, Willem van Weteringen, Sanne E Hoeks, and Lonneke M Staals.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Mar 1; 32 (3): 429-435.

BackgroundArterial blood gas analysis is the gold standard for monitoring of Pa CO2 and PaO2 during mechanical ventilation. However, continuous measurements would be preferred. Transcutaneous sensors continuously measure blood gases diffusing from the locally heated skin. These sensors have been validated in children mostly in intensive care settings. Accuracy in children during general anesthesia is largely unknown.AimsWe conducted a study in children undergoing general anesthesia to validate the use and to determine the accuracy of continuous transcutaneous measurements of the partial pressures of PCO2 (tcPCO2 ) and PO2 (tcPO2 ).MethodsA prospective observational study in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in The Netherlands, from April to October 2018, in children aged 0-18 years undergoing general anesthesia. Patients were included when endotracheally intubated and provided with an arterial catheter for regular blood sampling. Patients with a gestational age <31 weeks, burn victims, and patients with skin disease were excluded. TcPCO2 and tcPO2  measurements were performed with a SenTec OxiVenT™ sensor (SenTec AG). Accuracy was determined with an agreement analysis between arterial and transcutaneous PCO2 and PO2  values, and between arterial and endtidal PCO2 (etCO2 ) values, according to Bland and Altman, accounting for multiple measurements per subject.ResultsWe included 53 patients (median age 4.1 years, IQR 0.7-14.4 years) and retrieved 175 samples. TcPCO2 -Pa CO2 agreement analysis provided a bias of 0.06 kPa (limits of agreement (LOA) -1.18 to 1.31), the etCO2 -Pa CO2 agreement showed a bias of -0.31 kPa (LOA -1.38 to 0.76). Results of the tcPO2 -PaO2 agreement showed a bias of 3.40 to 0.86* (mean tension) kPa.ConclusionsThis study showed good agreement between Pa CO2 and tcPCO2 in children of all ages during general anesthesia. Both transcutaneous and endtidal CO2  measurements showed good accuracy. TcPO2 is only accurate under 6 months of age.© 2021 The Authors. Pediatric Anesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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