• Melike Metin, Hasan Aydın, and Mustafa Karaoğlanoğlu.
• Radiology Department, Medical Park University, Istanbul 34262, Turkey.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Feb 1; 58 (2).

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 85% and oncocytomas constitute 3-7% of solid renal masses. Oncocytomas can be confused, especially with hypovascular RCC. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contribution of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and contrast-enhanced MRI sequences in the differential diagnosis of RCC and oncocytoma Materials and Methods: 465 patients with the diagnosis of RCC and 45 patients diagnosed with oncocytoma were retrospectively reviewed between 2009 to 2020. All MRI acquisitions were handled by a 1.5 T device (Achieva, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) and all images were evaluated by the consensus of two radiologists with 10-15 years' experience. The SPSS package program version 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the study. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test or the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the statistical analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off values Results: The results were evaluated with a 95% confidence interval and a significance threshold of p < 0.05. ADC values (p < 0.001) and enhancement index (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in the RCC group than the oncocytoma group. Conclusion: DWI might become an alternative technique to the contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with contrast agent nephropathy or with a high risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, calculation of CI of the oncocytoma and RCCs in the contrast-enhanced acquisitions would contribute to the differential diagnosis.

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