• Aida Petca, Bianca Corina Miron, Irina Pacu, Mihai Cristian Dumitrașcu, Claudia Mehedințu, Florica Șandru, Răzvan-Cosmin Petca, and Ioana Cristina Rotar.
• "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Feb 21; 58 (2).

AbstractHELLP syndrome, also known as the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets, represents a severe pregnancy complication typically associated with hypertension. It is associated with increased risks of adverse complications for both mother and fetus. HELLP occurs in 0.2-0.8% of pregnancies, and, in 70-80% of cases, it coexists with preeclampsia (PE). Both of these conditions show a familial tendency. A woman with a history of HELLP pregnancy is at high risk for developing this entity in subsequent pregnancies. We cannot nominate a single worldwide genetic cause for the increased risk of HELLP. Combinations of multiple gene variants, each with a moderate risk, with concurrent maternal and environmental factors are thought to be the etiological mechanisms. This review highlights the significant role of understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of HELLP syndrome. A better knowledge of the disease's course supports early detection, an accurate diagnosis, and proper management of this life-threatening condition.

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