• Marc Leone, Aurélie Bourgoin, Sylvie Cambon, Myriam Dubuc, Jacques Albanèse, and Claude Martin.
• Intensive Care Unit, Trauma Center, Marseilles University Hospital System, Marseilles School of Medicine, France. marc.leone@ap-hm.fr
• Crit. Care Med. 2003 Feb 1;31(2):462-7.

ObjectiveTo assess the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy prescribed in septic shock patients and to evaluate the relationship between inadequate antimicrobial therapy and 30-day mortality.DesignProspective observational study.SettingMedical-surgical (16-bed) intensive care unit in an urban teaching hospital.PatientsA total of 107 patients requiring intensive care admission were prospectively evaluated during the 3-yr period of the study.InterventionsProspective patient surveillance and data collection and assessment of antimicrobial therapy according to microbiological documentation.Measurements And Main ResultsA source of infection associated with a microbiological documentation was identified in 78 of the 107 patients (72%). Empirical antimicrobial therapy consisted of a pivotal antibiotic (beta-lactam) associated with an aminoglycoside (59 patients) or a fluoroquinolone (21 patients). Vancomycin was added in 14 patients. Sixty-nine of the 78 patients (89%) received an adequate antimicrobial therapy. The mortality rate of patients receiving an adequate antimicrobial therapy was 56%, and seven of the nine patients (78%) receiving an inadequate antimicrobial therapy died (p =.2). Among the 81 patients who were alive on day 3, antimicrobial therapy was modified in agreement to clinical status and microbiological documentation in 80% of cases, with de-escalation in 64% of cases. De-escalation consisted of withdrawing the nonpivotal antibiotic in 42% of patients or switching to a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic (22% of cases).ConclusionThe prescription of empirical antimicrobial therapy by a senior physician in agreement with practice guidelines made it possible to achieve a crude rate of 89% of adequate antimicrobial therapy in study patients. Inadequate antimicrobial therapy was associated with a 39% excess of mortality. A de-escalation of the empirical therapy was possible in 64% of patients.

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