• Mihaiela R Gugiu, Kim D McKenna, Thomas E Platt, Ashish R Panchal, and , for the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians.
• The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians, Columbus, Ohio.
• Prehosp Emerg Care. 2023 Jan 1; 27 (4): 427431427-431.

AbstractIn the prehospital setting, EMS clinicians are challenged by the need to assess and treat patients who are clinically undifferentiated with a large constellation of possible medical problems. In addition to possessing a large and diverse set of knowledge, skills, and abilities, EMS clinicians must integrate a plethora of environmental, patient, and event specific cues in their clinical decision-making processes. To date, there is no theoretical framework to capture the complex process that characterizes the prehospital experience from dispatch to handoff, the interface between cues and on-scene information and assessments, while incorporating the importance of leadership and communication. To fill this gap, we propose a theoretical framework for clinical judgment in the prehospital setting that builds upon previously defined methodologies and applies them to the clinical practice of EMS clinicians throughout the EMS experience.

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