• Luisa L Villa, Ronaldo L R Costa, Carlos A Petta, Rosires P Andrade, Kevin A Ault, Anna R Giuliano, Cosette M Wheeler, Laura A Koutsky, Christian Malm, Matti Lehtinen, Finn Egil Skjeldestad, Sven-Eric Olsson, Margareta Steinwall, Darron R Brown, Robert J Kurman, Brigitte M Ronnett, Mark H Stoler, Alex Ferenczy, Diane M Harper, Gretchen M Tamms, Jimmy Yu, Lisa Lupinacci, Radha Railkar, Frank J Taddeo, Kathrin U Jansen, Mark T Esser, Heather L Sings, Alfred J Saah, and Eliav Barr.
• Department of Virology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil. llvilla@ludwig.org.br <llvilla@ludwig.org.br>
• Lancet Oncol. 2005 May 1; 6 (5): 271-8.

BackgroundA randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase II study was done to assess the efficacy of a prophylactic quadrivalent vaccine targeting the human papillomavirus (HPV) types associated with 70% of cervical cancers (types 16 and 18) and with 90% of genital warts (types 6 and 11).Methods277 young women (mean age 20.2 years [SD 1.7]) were randomly assigned to quadrivalent HPV (20 microg type 6, 40 microg type 11, 40 microg type 16, and 20 microg type 18) L1 virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine and 275 (mean age 20.0 years [1.7]) to one of two placebo preparations at day 1, month 2, and month 6. For 36 months, participants underwent regular gynaecological examinations, cervicovaginal sampling for HPV DNA, testing for serum antibodies to HPV, and Pap testing. The primary endpoint was the combined incidence of infection with HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18, or cervical or external genital disease (ie, persistent HPV infection, HPV detection at the last recorded visit, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, or external genital lesions caused by the HPV types in the vaccine). Main analyses were done per protocol.FindingsCombined incidence of persistent infection or disease with HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 fell by 90% (95% CI 71-97, p<0.0001) in those assigned vaccine compared with those assigned placebo.InterpretationA vaccine targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18 could substantially reduce the acquisition of infection and clinical disease caused by common HPV types.

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