• Rebeca Pérez-Alfayate and Giovanni Grasso.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rebecap.alfayate@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2022 Mar 1; 159: 362-372.

AbstractBrain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are uncommon and represent a heterogeneous group of lesions. Although these 2 facts have delayed research on this topic, knowledge about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bAVMs has evolved in recent years. We conducted a review of the literature to update the knowledge about diagnosis, molecular biology, genetic, pathology, and treatment by searching for the following terms: "Epidemiology AND Natural History," "risk of hemorrhage," "intracranial hemorrhage," "diagnosis," "angiogenesis," "molecular genetics," "VEGF," "KRAS," "radiosurgery," "endovascular," "microsurgery," or "surgical resection." Our understanding of bAVMs has significantly evolved in recent years. The latest investigations have helped in defining some molecular pathways involved in the pathology of bAVM. Although there is still more to learn and discover, describing these pathways will allow the creation of targeted treatments that could improve the prognosis of patients with bAVMs.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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