• Yi Liu, Dongbo Luo, Tongxin Du, and Hongjiang Wang.
• Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec 1; 96 (50): e8918.

RationalePulmonary blastoma is a rare primary lung cancer that can be categorized into adult type and child type. The clinical symptoms and imaging features of pulmonary blastoma are nonspecific, making it difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Postoperative pathology with immunohistochemical staining can help diagnosis.Patient ConcernsA 53-year-old male had chest tightness and shortness of breath.DiagnosesThe patient was diagnosed as pleural pulmonary blastoma based on computed tomography (CT) scan, pathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology. CT examination showed solid mass on the upper lobe of the left lung Intraoperative observation found that tumor tissue was gray with tough texture. The surrounding lung tissue showed AE1/AE3 (+), Vimentin (+), and CD34 (+) staining. No epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation was detected.InterventionsThe left lobe resection plus mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. After the operation, patient received paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin chemotherapy for 4 times.OutcomesFour months later, left pleural metastasis, and mediastinal lymph node metastasis was found. The patient died 15 months later.LessonsPleural pulmonary blastoma is a malignant tumor with rare pathological features that is easy to relapse and metastasis with poor prognosis. Surgical treatment preferably, lobectomy plus mediastinal lymph node dissection, is the first treatment option. The overall prognosis is poor.Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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