• Juan Qian, Wenyu Shi, Li Yang, Zenghua Lin, Yifeng Cai, and Hong Liu.
• Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec 1; 96 (50): e9293.

RationaleTo investigate the clinical features of treatment-related acute granulocyte-monocytic leukemia (t-AML) from multiple myeloma (MM) thereby improving the understanding of this disease.Patient ConcernsA 72-year-old woman patient was initially diagnosed as MM. Two years and 7 months after treatment, this patient developed AML M4 as confirmed by the analyses from clinical features, bone marrow morphology, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic examination.DiagnosisTreatment-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML).InterventionsDue to lack of the ability to pay the cost, she declined our recommendation to accept therapy as an inpatient and was discharged.LessonsThe reported case was a rare t-AML, which is resistant to currently available treatments and has a poor prognosis.Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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