• Helen Senderovich, Preet Patel, Briam Jimenez Lopez, and Sarah Waicus.
• Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Med Princ Pract. 2022 Jan 1; 31 (1): 293829-38.

IntroductionSeveral forms of cannabinoids are currently being used to manage nausea and vomiting (N/V). Emerging cases of refractory N/V associated with chronic cannabis use among adults and older patients have been reported named cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). CHS is a condition that leads to repeated and severe N/V in long-term users of cannabinoids.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to outline current treatments for the management of CHS.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Databases were used to search for articles on CHS published from January 2009 to June 2021, yielding 225 results of which 17 were deemed relevant and underwent review by 2 separate reviewers.ResultsThe duration of cannabis administration ranged between 6 months to 11 years may precipitate symptoms of CHS. The Rome IV diagnostic criteria of CHS require cannabinoid use and persistence of N/V symptoms for at least the past 6 months. Cannabis cessation is noted to be the most successful management, but other treatments also demonstrated symptom relief; these include hot water hydrotherapy, topical capsaicin cream, haloperidol, droperidol, benzodiazepines, propranolol, and aprepitant administration.ConclusionMore research on CHS is needed to enhance knowledge translation, education, and create awareness in the medical community on the side effects of cannabinoids and to propose the best treatment options.© 2021 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

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