• Daisaku Kimura, Takatoshi Kobayashi, Eri Maruyama, Shou Oosuka, Ryohsuke Kohmoto, Masanori Fukumoto, Takaki Sato, Teruyo Kida, and Tsunehiko Ikeda.
• Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jun 1; 97 (23): e11048e11048.

RationaleTo report a case of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) complicated with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).Patient ConcernsA 39-year-old male presented after becoming aware of metamorphopsia in his left eye.DiagnosesFundus examination showed a retinal avascular area, retinal vascular abnormality, and yellow exudation at the peripheral retina in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography findings revealed impending MH (IMH) due to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in his left eye. Despite of the occurrence of spontaneous complete PVD, an FTMH developed at 4 months after the onset of IMH.InterventionsTo treat the FTMH, vitreous surgery was performed. Intraoperative findings revealed that the thick posterior vitreous membrane (PVM) had no adhesions with the edge of the FTMH. However, a thin epiretinal membrane (ERM) was observed around the MH.OutcomesPostoperatively, the FTMH was closed, and the patient's corrected visual acuity improved from (0.4) to (0.8).LessonsIn this present case, an IMH developed via traction by a thick PVM, characteristic of FEVR, with FTMH then developing via traction by a thin ERM. Our findings reveal that it is vital to fully understand these anatomical features before performing vitreous surgery for FTMH complicated with FEVR.

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