• Xinxin Ma, Wen Su, and Haibo Chen.
• Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jun 1; 97 (24): e11127.

RationaleReversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a reversible condition with an excellent prognosis in most patients. The clinical features include altered states of consciousness, delirium, headache, and seizures, but no callosal disconnection syndromes have been described in RESLES.Patient ConcernsWe presented a 57-year-old patient with alien hand syndrome, autotopagnosia, gait disorders, and left ideomotor apraxia after blood transfusion. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a few regions with high signal intensity in the genu, body, and splenium of the right corpus callosum on diffusion weighted images. Cerebrovascular examination was unremarkable.DiagnosesHe was diagnosed with RESLES and callosal disconnection syndrome.InterventionsThe patient received symptomatic and supportive treatment in our hospital.OutcomesHe recovered to baseline on following up of 6 months and abnormalities on brain MRI completely disappeared.LessonsNeurologists should be aware of the symptoms of callosal disconnection syndrome in RESLES. In addition, caution should be taken when transfusing blood products in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

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