• Shankargouda Patil, Samar Saeed Khan, Jagadish Hosmani, Zafar Ali Khan, Jayanandan Muruganandhan, Shazia Mushtaq, Pradeep Kumar Yadalam, Shilpa Bhandi, and Kamran Habib Awan.
• Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, Division. of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
• Dis Mon. 2023 Jan 1; 69 (1): 101350101350.

AbstractImmunological disorders are observed in various clinical presentations in the oral cavity. The pathophysiology of these disorders include but are not limited to primary oral auto-immune disease, systemic disease with oral findings, malignancies, hypersensitivity reactions, drug-induced, and infection-related. Many of these disorders have overlapping oral features, making it difficult for the clinician to diagnose and treat the disorder. There is a need to provide a simple and practical decision-making algorithm to the clinicians and provide them guidance on laboratory investigations. The present review provides a diagnostic algorithm that might minimize outpatient process delays and lead to early management. This is crucial in many cases where oral findings may be the first sign of the disorder, and early treatment can preclude dissemination and complications of the disorder.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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