• Nicolas Nesseler, Guillaume Fadel, Alexandre Mansour, Marylou Para, Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz, Nicolas Mongardon, Alizée Porto, Astrid Bertier, Bruno Levy, Cyril Cadoz, Pierre-Grégoire Guinot, Olivier Fouquet, Jean-Luc Fellahi, Alexandre Ouattara, Julien Guihaire, Vito-Giovanni Ruggieri, Philippe Gaudard, François Labaste, Thomas Clavier, Kais Brini, Nicolas Allou, Corentin Lacroix, Juliette Chommeloux, Guillaume Lebreton, Michael A Matthay, Sophie Provenchere, Erwan Flécher, André Vincentelli, and ECMOSARS Investigators.
• Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pontchaillou, University Hospital of Rennes, France; University of Rennes, University Hospital of Rennes, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Center of Clinical Investigation of Rennes 1414, Rennes, France; University of Rennes, University Hospital of Rennes, National Research Institute for Agriculture, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cancer, Mixed Research Unit_1341, Mixed Research Unit_1241, Rennes, France.
• Anesthesiology. 2022 May 1; 136 (5): 732748732-748.

BackgroundDespite expanding use, knowledge on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support during the COVID-19 pandemic remains limited. The objective was to report characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a diagnosis of COVID-19 in France and to identify pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation factors associated with in-hospital mortality. A hypothesis of similar mortality rates and risk factors for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was made.MethodsThe Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure and/or Heart failure related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (ECMOSARS) registry included COVID-19 patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in France. This study analyzed patients included in this registry up to October 25, 2020, and supported by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure with a minimum follow-up of 28 days after cannulation. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were analyzed.ResultsAmong 494 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients included in the registry, 429 were initially supported by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and followed for at least 28 days. The median (interquartile range) age was 54 yr (46 to 60 yr), and 338 of 429 (79%) were men. Management before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation included prone positioning for 411 of 429 (96%), neuromuscular blockage for 419 of 427 (98%), and NO for 161 of 401 (40%). A total of 192 of 429 (45%) patients were cannulated by a mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation unit. In-hospital mortality was 219 of 429 (51%), with a median follow-up of 49 days (33 to 70 days). Among pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation modifiable exposure variables, neuromuscular blockage use (hazard ratio, 0.286; 95% CI, 0.101 to 0.81) and duration of ventilation (more than 7 days compared to less than 2 days; hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.83) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Both age (per 10-yr increase; hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.50) and total bilirubin at cannulation (6.0 mg/dl or more compared to less than 1.2 mg/dl; hazard ratio, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.09 to 6.5) were confounders significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsIn-hospital mortality was higher than recently reported, but nearly half of the patients survived. A high proportion of patients were cannulated by a mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation unit. Several factors associated with mortality were identified. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support should be considered early within the first week of mechanical ventilation initiation.Copyright © 2022, the American Society of Anesthesiologists. All Rights Reserved.

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