• Medicine · Mar 2022

    Meta Analysis

    A meta-analysis of allopurinol therapy and the risk of prostate cancer.

    • Shih-Wei Lai, Bing-Fang Hwang, Yu-Hung Kuo, Chiu-Shong Liu, and Kuan-Fu Liao.
    • Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Research, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Mar 18; 101 (11).

    Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of prostate cancer among people with gout and/or hyperuricemia who used allopurinol and who did not use allopurinol.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis to identify the cohort and case-control studies by searching PubMed and Web of Science. We used the random-effects model to calculate the pooled risk ratio with 95% confidence interval for the risk of prostate cancer associated with allopurinol treatment.Results:There were 5 cohort studies and 2 case-control studies included in the meta-analysis. All 7 eligible studies were published between 2012 and 2021. The study period ranged from 8 to 13years. The number of study subjects ranged from 25,770 to 1,623,550. The age of study subjects ranged from 20 to 99years. Overall, allopurinol treatment was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer (risk ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 0.96-1.34 and P = .13). The heterogeneity was high between studies (I2 = 93%).Conclusions:Our meta-analysis reveals that no association can be found between allopurinol treatment and the risk of prostate cancer among people with gout and/or hyperuricemia. We propose that the inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the reduction of serum uric acid via allopurinol treatment do not affect the probability of developing prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.Key PointsNo association can be found between allopurinol treatment and the risk of prostate cancer. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the reduction of serum uric acid via allopurinol treatment do not affect the probability of developing prostate cancer.

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