• Manjula Singh, Bhavna Dhingra, Bipra Bishnu, Dhruvendra Pandey, Praveen K Anand, Sarika Gupta, Vidyanand Ravi Das, Parul Kodan, and Sushil Kumar Kabra.
• Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
• Indian J Med Res. 2021 Apr 1; 154 (4): 641644641-644.

Background & ObjectivesTo eliminate tuberculosis (TB), the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) has given an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of TB in children. This study was carried out to assess the prevailing practices to identify TB in severely malnourished children admitted to various nutrition rehabilitation centres (NRCs).MethodsA retrospective chart review of 41 NRCs across five States having a maximum number of NRCs was carried out. Details of children admitted to the NRCs and the investigations carried out in the form of obtaining X-ray film, tuberculin skin test (TST) and gastric aspirate for cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) for diagnosis of TB over three months were collected.ResultsA total of 2121 children with severe acute malnourished (SAM) across 41 NRCs (Bhopal, Jodhpur, Patna, Kolkata, Lucknow and Ratlam) were evaluated. X-ray of the chest was done in 473 (22%), TST was done in 135 (6%) and gastric aspirate was collected in 56 (3%) children. CBNAAT was done in only 56 SAM children. Ten children among those screened were confirmed to have pulmonary TB and were linked to treatment as per the National TB guidelines.Interpretation & ConclusionsAlthough NTEP suggests universal screening of all malnourished children admitted in the NRCs, but the prevailing practices indicate that the NRCs are grossly under-utilizing molecular diagnostic tests for diagnosis of TB. There is a gap between prevailing practices and suggested guidelines for the identification of TB in children admitted in the NRCs.

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