• Samuel Malins, Joe Kai, Christopher Atha, Anthony Avery, Boliang Guo, Marilyn James, Shireen Patel, Christopher Sampson, Michelle Stubley, and Richard Morriss.
• Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology and CLAHRC East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
• Br J Gen Pract. 2016 Oct 1; 66 (651): e729-36.

BackgroundMost frequent attendance in primary care is temporary. Long-term frequent attendance may be suitable for psychological intervention to address health management and service use.AimTo explore the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for long-term frequent attendance in primary care and obtain preliminary evidence regarding clinical and cost effectiveness.Design And SettingA CBT case series was carried out in five GP practices in the East Midlands.MethodFrequent attenders (FAs) were identified from case notes and invited by their practice for assessment, then offered CBT. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by CBT session attendance and thematic analysis of semi-structured questionnaires. Clinical and cost effectiveness was assessed by primary care use and clinically important change on a range of health and quality of life instruments.ResultsOf 462 FAs invited to interview, 87 (19%) consented to assessment. Thirty-two (7%) undertook CBT over a median of 3 months. Twenty-four (75%) attended at least six sessions. Eighteen FAs (86%, n = 21) reported overall satisfaction with treatment. Patients reported valuing listening without judgement alongside support to develop coping strategies. Thirteen (54%, n = 24), achieved clinically important improvement on the SF-36 Mental-Component Scale at 6-month follow-up and improved quality of life, but no improvement on other outcomes. Primary care use reduced from a median of eight contacts in 3 months at baseline (n = 32) to three contacts in 3 months at 1 year (n = 18).ConclusionCBT appears feasible and acceptable to a subset of long-term FAs in primary care who halved their primary care use. With improved recruitment strategies, this approach could contribute to decreasing GP workload and merits larger-scale evaluation.© British Journal of General Practice 2016.

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