• Peter W Iltis, Jens Frahm, Dirk Voit, Arun Joseph, Eckart Altenmüller, and Aaron Miller.
• Dep. of Kinesiology, 255 Grapevine Rd., Gordon College, Wenham, MA 01984, USA. Tel: 978-867-4088. peter.iltis@gordon.edu.
• Med Probl Perform Art. 2017 Dec 1; 32 (4): 209-214.

ObjectiveMovements inside the oral cavity during lip trilling in horn-playing are poorly understood and controversial, particularly with respect to pedagogy. Developments in real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allow representations of oral cavity movement during lip trill performance on a MRI-compatible horn to be recorded and quantified.MethodsWe present RT-MRI data on 11 highly skilled horn players obtained from serial images acquired at acquisition times of 33.3, 18.2, and 10.0 ms (i.e., at 30, 55 and 100 frames/sec) as they performed sixteenth note, whole-step trills between Eb4 and F4 (concert pitch) at two tempos, ~60 bpm and as fast as possible.ResultsFor fast trilling (mean speed 178.3±24.7 bpm), 7 of 11 subjects exclusively utilized a tongue movement strategy, 3 used both a tongue and jaw strategy, and 1 exclusively used a jaw strategy. For trilling at ~60 bpm, all 11 subjects used a tongue movement strategy.ConclusionsWe suggest using these movement strategies in teaching whole-step trills.

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