• Joo Young Kim, Mee Yon Lee, Young Chun Lee, and Hye-Young Shin.
• Department of Ophthalmology, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug 1; 98 (31): e16699.

RationaleWe report a rare case of neurofibroma in the form of tarsal conjunctival thickening of the eyelid in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), common ocular complications of which are Lisch nodules, choroidal nodules, and optic nerve glioma.Patient ConcernsA 46-year-old female patient was diagnosed with neurofibroma after biopsy and removal of 2 lumbar level intradural masses 15 years ago. She was being monitored without recurrence. When the patient visited our hospital, multiple iris Lisch nodules were found in both her eyes with ill-defined, diffuse thickening in the upper eyelid tarsal conjunctiva of the right eye.DiagnosisNeurofibroma was diagnosed by incisional biopsy and immunohistochemistry of the tarsal conjunctiva.InterventionsThe patient of the present case did not undergo any additional surgical treatment because tarsal conjunctiva thickening caused little functional problem.OutcomesThe patient has only been regularly examined for changes in size of neurofibroma, and there was no change in size over a 12-month period.LessonsNeurofibroma should be considered as a differential diagnosis if a patient diagnosed with NF1 shows tarsal conjunctiva thickening.

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