• Giuseppe Riva, Francesco Zenga, Gian Marco Motatto, Giuseppe Di Perna, Marco Castelli, Marco Tavassoli, Bianca Maria Baldassarre, Matteo Caria, and Giancarlo Pecorari.
• Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.riva84@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2022 Jul 1; 163: e426-e434.

ObjectiveExpanded endonasal approaches (EEA) have become the main approach to the anterior skull base. A specific questionnaire, the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test for Neurosurgery (SNOT-NC), was developed in German to assess quality of life after EEA. The aim of this study was the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of SNOT-NC.MethodsThree hundred patients who underwent EEA for anterior skull base diseases were included in the study. An Italian version of SNOT-NC was cross-culturally adapted. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct, and clinical and group validity were analyzed. The Short-Form 36 questionnaire was used for construct validity analysis.ResultsThe Cronbach α coefficient was 0.862. Only 1 subscale (olfactory disturbance) showed an insufficient internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.934 and 0.997). The good correlation between SNOT-NC and Short-Form 36 scores (P < 0.05) showed the construct validity of the questionnaire. SNOT-NC was able to distinguish between patients with more or fewer nasal symptoms (P < 0.05). Patients who underwent a transtuberculum/transplanum approach had greater olfactory disturbances compared with other approaches (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Italian version of SNOT-NC showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct, and clinical and group validity, as well as original version. It can be considered a good instrument to evaluate the impact of endoscopic EEA to the anterior skull base.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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