• Najmeh Aletaha, Hoda Hamid, Abbas Alipour, and Pardis Ketabi Moghadam.
• Gastroenterology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• Arch Iran Med. 2022 Mar 1; 25 (3): 148-154.

BackgroundAcute pancreatitis is one of the most common complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Studies suggest that intrapancreatic calcium has an important role in activating pancreatic enzymes; in addition, elevated intraductal pressure is required for development of pancreatitis. Magnesium sulfate (MS), as a calcium antagonist and a muscle relaxant of the Oddi sphincter, is suggested to reduce the incidence and severity of post-ERCP-pancreatitis (PEP) in this article.MethodsWe included 270 patients who referred for ERCP between March 2017 and March 2018. They were enrolled into MS (2 g) and placebo (normal saline) groups, administered 1 hour before and 6 hours after the procedure. The ERCPs were done by fellows of gastroenterology under supervision of expert physicians. The incidence and severity of PEP were followed.ResultsPEP was seen in 12 (8.9%) patients in the MS group and 17 (12.6%) in the placebo group (P value=0.33). The incidence of PEP in high risk patients group (P value=0.017).ConclusionAlthough the usage of MS was not able to prevent PEP in all patients enrolled in this study, but it could significantly reduce the incidence of PEP in high risk patients of intervention group in comparison with placebo group. The median length of hospital stay was also significantly lower in new drug group in contrast to placebo.2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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