• Alamer Modi Atig, Yara Ibrahim Alhamad, Foz Salem Alanizi, Husam Ismail Ardah, and Haitham Alanazi.
• From the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Ann Saudi Med. 2022 Jan 1; 42 (1): 586358-63.

BackgroundThe rise in the incidence of implantation is one of the main causes behind the increased rate of CIED infection, which is considered as a serious life-threatening complication. The need of risk factor assessment has become a necessity to prevent further complications and provide prompt management.ObjectivesIdentify the risk factors of infection postoperatively among patients who have implantable cardiac devices.DesignA retrospective case-control study.SettingsCardiac center for adults.Patients And MethodsThe study included all adult patients (≥14 years of age) of all nationalities who underwent cardiac electronic device implantation that was managed in the cardiac center between January 2012 to December 2018.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiac device infection and associated risk factors.Sample Size213, including 23 (10.8%) infected case patients and 190 (89.2%) non-infected controls.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of non-infected patients was 45.0 (12.7) years compared with 61.7 (13.7) for infected patients (P<.0001). Anticoagulant use, hypertension, dysplipdemia and age were the most common patient-related risk factors associated with infection. For procedural and post-procedural risk factors, the risk of infection increased as the number of leads and length of procedure increased. The device most often related to infection was the pacemaker. In the multivariate analysis, longer procedure, greater number of leads, older age, anticoagulant use, and implanted pacemaker device were independently associated with infection.ConclusionWe advise the prompt use of strict preoperative antiseptic prophylaxis measures and follow-up for post-implant patients along with patient education for early signs of infections, which will lead to improvement of both diagnosis and treatment quality for our patients in addition to reducing the economic impact on the health care system by minimizing infectious complications.LimitationsSingle tertiary center study, small sample size.Conflict Of InterestNone.

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